Normalizing aims to give the material a uniform and fine-grained structure. The process is used to obtain a predictable microstructure and an assurance of the material’s mechanical properties.

After forging, hot rolling or casting a material’s microstructure is often non homogeneous consisting of large grains, and unwanted structural components such as bainite and carbides. Such microstructure has a negative impact on the material’s mechanical properties as well as on the machinability. Through normalising, the material can obtain a more fine-grained homogeneous structure with predictable properties and machinability.

Normalization is mainly used on carbon and low alloyed steels to normalise the structure after forging, hot rolling or casting. The hardness obtained after normalising depends on the steel chemical analysis and the cooling speed used.

The process of normalizing basically consists of two steps Heating of the material upto defined temperature then it’s Cooling to gain uniform and fine-grained structure,